Purpose: A curated reference library supporting implementation of DOT&PF’s Statewide Tribal Consultation Policy. This library compiles key legal authorities, transportation program requirements, consultation best practices, Alaska-specific resources, and recommended desk references related to Alaska Tribal consultation practice, Alaska Native cultures and governance, and Alaska’s legal and regulatory framework.

• Use the headings to locate the relevant governing authority, statute, regulation, or practice area (e.g., consultation, NEPA, Section 106, Section 4(f), planning/programming).

• Each entry provides a citation and/or a direct link to an official or widely used source for reference and verification.

• Recommended books/desk references are listed separately for the physical library and for staff onboarding and training.

Maintenance (Internal Use)

• Assign a dedicated owner (e.g., DOT&PF Tribal Team) responsible for periodically validating links and updating this library to reflect changes in federal regulations, executive actions, or state policies.

• For internal use, pair this online library with: (1) a digital repository organized to mirror these sections, (2) a brief ‘Start Here’ guide for new staff, and (3) a curated book list for the physical library.

State of Alaska Foundations (Policy / Government-to-Government)

• Administrative Order No. 186 (State of Alaska): Alaska Admin. Order No. 186 (Oct. 31, 2017) (as posted by Governor’s Office). [Source] State policy statement recognizing the governmental status of Alaska’s federally recognized Tribes and establishing a state policy framework for relations.

• DOT&PF Tribal Relations webpage (includes Millennium Agreement references): Alaska Dep’t of Transp. & Pub. Facilities, Tribal Relations (webpage). [Source] Program landing page for DOT&PF tribal relations; useful for public-facing references and internal onboarding.

Federal Consultation Authorities (Executive and Cross-Cutting Requirements)

• Executive Order 13175 (Tribal Consultation) 65 Fed. Reg. 67249 (Nov. 9, 2000). [Source] Core federal consultation directive; defines ‘policies that have tribal implications’ and requires meaningful and timely input.

• Presidential Memorandum on Tribal Consultation (Biden, 2021): Memorandum on Tribal Consultation and Strengthening Nation-to-Nation Relationships, 86 Fed. Reg. 7499 (Jan. 29, 2021). [Source] Presidential directive to federal agencies to strengthen EO 13175 consultation implementation plans; widely cited in modern consultation policy updates.

• Executive Order 13007 (Indian Sacred Sites) 61 Fed. Reg. 26771 (May 29, 1996). [Source] Requires land-managing agencies (where applicable) to accommodate access and ceremonial use of sacred sites and avoid adverse effects; supports consultation practice around sacred sites/confidentiality. Relevant for access, confidentiality, and early engagement.

• American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA) Pub. L. No. 95-341, 92 Stat. 469 (1978) (codified at 42 U.S.C. § 1996). [Source] Federal policy protecting Native religious practices; often relevant where access to sites, sacred objects, or ceremonial timing intersects with transportation actions.

Civil Rights/Equity Authorities Often Intersecting with Consultation/Public Involvement

• Title VI (nondiscrimination in federally funded programs): Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000d et seq. [Source] Nondiscrimination requirements for federally funded programs. Applies to recipients of federal financial assistance (including transportation); informs equitable engagement, access, and nondiscrimination in processes.

• DOJ Title VI Overview (practical summary): U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Title VI Overview (webpage). [Source] Readable, operational overview of Title VI requirements and enforcement framework.

Consultation: Best Practices / Models

• Administrative Conference of the United States (Consultation in regulatory policymaking): Admin. Conf. of the U.S., Consultation with State, Local, and Tribal Governments in Regulatory Policymaking (June 20, 2025). [Source] Summarizes best practices and emphasizes early engagement, recordkeeping, and minimizing administrative burden—useful for DOT policy implementation.

• Congressional ‘Federal-Tribal Consultation’ background (CRS): Cong. Rsch. Serv., Federal-Tribal Consultation: Background and Issues for Congress (June 12, 2024). [Source] Provides a clear overview of consultation authorities and agency practices; useful for legal review and staff orientation.

• Foundational books and legal scholarship: Alaska Native leaders, practitioners, and researchers often rely on these resources for culture, governance, sovereignty, ANCSA/ANILCA, and Alaska-specific legal structure. This list identifies core, commonly relied-upon foundational works used in Alaska Native governance and legal contexts. It is intended as a reference for DOT&PF staff and is not intended to be comprehensive.

Consultation with ANCSA Corporations (Federal Appropriations Requirement)

• Consolidated Appropriations Acts: ANCSA corporation consultation requirement: Pub. L. No. 108-199, div. H, § 161, 118 Stat. 452 (2004), as amended by Pub. L. No. 108-447, div. H, title V, § 518, 118 Stat. 3267 (2004). [Source] Statutory requirement that OMB and all federal agencies consult with Alaska Native corporations on the same basis as Indian Tribes under EO 13175 and where required by federal law or funding conditions; frequently incorporated into agency consultation policies.

• Office of Mgmt. & Budget: Guidance referencing ANCSA corporation consultation requirement: Memorandum M-10-33 (July 30, 2010) (EO 13175 implementation guidance; notes ANCSA corporation consultation requirement). [Source] Practical federal implementation guidance; helpful for explaining the ‘same basis as’ concept in funding-conditional contexts.

• DOI Consultation Policy: ANCSA corporations (binding DOI policy): U.S. Dep’t of the Interior, 512 DM 6, Department of the Interior Policy on Consultation with ANCSA Corporations (Nov. 30, 2022). [Source] Useful model language for consultation with ANCSA corporations (definitions, scope, invitations, and recordkeeping expectations).

• EPA ‘Guiding Principles’ for Consulting with ANCSA Corporations: U.S. Envtl. Prot. Agency, Guiding Principles for Consulting with ANCSA Corporations (Jan. 2022). [Source] Another model for practice: who to invite, how to document, and how to coordinate when an ANC is included due to federal funding conditions.

• Statewide & Metropolitan Transportation Planning Regulations: 23 C.F.R. pt. 450 (Planning Assistance and Standards). [Source] Core planning and programming rules; includes participation/consultation provisions relevant to long-range planning, LRTP/TIP/STIP development, and corridor studies.

• NEPA Transportation Implementing Regulations – 23 C.F.R. Part 771: Primary FHWA/FTA/FRA NEPA procedures for transportation projects, including coordination and project development requirements. [Source] Note: See 2025 Interim Final Rule for recent amendments and transition guidance.

• NEPA Part 771 Interim Final Rule (2025): Interim Final Rule amending portions of 23 C.F.R. pt. 771 (June 30, 2025). [Source] Summarizes regulatory updates, implementation changes, and transition guidance affecting transportation NEPA procedures. To be read in conjunction with the standing 23 C.F.R. pt. 771 regulations.

• FHWA Environmental Review Toolkit (NEPA / Tribal Consultation): Fed. Highway Admin., Environmental Review Toolkit – NEPA Implementation Resources (webpage). [Source] Central hub for FHWA NEPA guidance, Q&As, and implementation resources used by practitioners.

• NCHRP Report 690: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. A Guidebook for Successful Communication, Cooperation, and Coordination Strategies Between Transportation Agencies and Tribal Communities. NCHRP Report 690. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2011. [Source]

Cultural Resources / Historic Preservation – NHPA Section 106 Consultation

• Section 106 Regulations: (Authoritative Regulation) 36 C.F.R. pt. 800, Protection of Historic Properties (Advisory Council on Historic Preservation). [Source] The binding federal regulations implementing Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. These regulations establish required consultation procedures, including consultation with Indian Tribes and Native Hawaiian Organizations, and include provisions addressing emergency actions, confidentiality, and coordination with NEPA.

• Section 106 Regulations (Official PDF – Training/Field Reference): Protection of Historic Properties, 36 C.F.R. pt. 800 (ACHP PDF, regs-rev04.pdf; eCFR). [Source] An official PDF version of the Section 106 regulations provided for convenience and accessibility. Substantively identical to the codified regulations in the Code of Federal Regulations and suitable for training, printing, and field reference.

• Supplemental guidance and training materials are maintained by ACHP and accessible through its official online resource portal. [Source]

Section 4(f) – Parks, Refuges, and Historic Sites

• Section 4(f) Statutory Codification: 49 U.S.C. § 303 (Section 4(f) requirements). [Source] Statutory protections for significant publicly owned parks, recreation areas, wildlife/waterfowl refuges, and historic sites; often intersects with Section 106 and NEPA consultation.

• FHWA Section 4(f) Guidance Page: Fed. Highway Admin., Section 4(f) Guidance and Legislation Documents (webpage). [Source] Practitioner guidance, examples, and interpretive materials for implementing Section 4(f) in project delivery.

• Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA): Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, Pub. L. No. 92-203, 85 Stat. 688 (1971) (codified at 43 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq.). [Source] Core statute establishing Alaska Native regional and village corporations and land/monetary settlement structure.

• CRS Background (ANCSA overview): Cong. Rsch. Serv., Alaska Native Lands and the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (Dec. 22, 2021) (report page). [Source] Nonpartisan congressional summary useful for staff training, orientation, and quick-reference explanations.

These resources are intended for background understanding and preparation and do not replace Tribe-specific consultation or authorization to use or interpret cultural knowledge

Hard Copy Core Desk References

• David S. Case & David A. Voluck, Alaska Natives and American Laws (3d ed.). [Source] Foundational treatise for Alaska Native law, ANCSA/ANILCA, tribal status, jurisdiction, and federal/state relationships.
• Thomas R. Berger, Village Journey: The Report of the Alaska Native Review Commission (1985). [Source] Landmark Alaska policy/history reference.
• Donald Craig Mitchell, Take My Land, Take My Life (2001). [Source] ANCSA legislative and political history.
• Donald Craig Mitchell, Sold American (1997). [Source] Pre-ANCSA land history.
• Felix S. Cohen, Handbook of Federal Indian Law. [Source] Historical federal Indian law reference.
• Robert D. Arnold, Alaska Native Land Claims. [Source] Practitioner desk reference for Alaska lands issues.
• Shem Pete’s Alaska: The Territory of the Upper Cook Inlet Dena’ina. [Source] Place-based authority and geographic knowledge for consultation preparation.
• Richard K. Nelson, Make Prayers to the Raven: A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest. [Source] Interior worldview and land ethics; cultural competency reference.
• Ann Fienup-Riordan, Wise Words of the Yup’ik People. [Source] Protocol reference.
• Nora Marks Dauenhauer & Richard Dauenhauer, Haa Tuwunáagu Yís, for Healing Our Spirit: Tlingit Oratory. [Source] Southeast protocol/oratory reference.
• William C. Canby, American Indian Law in a Nutshell, Study Aids Collection | Book [Source].

Alaska Native law, sovereignty, and governance in Alaska

• Donald Craig Mitchell, Tribal Sovereignty in Alaska: How It Happened, What It Means (history/legal/political development of tribal sovereignty movement).
• Geoffrey D. Strommer & Stephen D. Osborne, “Indian Country and the Nature and Scope of Tribal Self-Government in Alaska” (Alaska Law Review; core post- Venetie analysis). [Source]
• Nazune Menka, “The Corpus Juris of (Alaska Native) Inherent Tribal Sovereignty” (Alaska Law Review; contemporary sovereignty framework). [Source]
• Kirsten A. Carpenter, “Interpreting Indian Country in State of Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie …” (scholarly critique of Venetie and Indian Country reasoning).
• Erin Goff Chrisbens, “Indian Country after ANCSA: Divesting Tribal Sovereignty by Interpretation in Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie …” (post- Venetie implications).
• Alyssa Studler, “Reviving Indian Country: Expanding Alaska Native Villages” (modern jurisdiction/Indian Country; Michigan Journal of Race & Law).
• Alaska Dept. of Law, “Tribal Status Issues” (Attorney General opinion) (important state legal positioning/history; useful for government lawyers).
• National Park Service, Alaska Subsistence: A National Park Service Management History (subsistence governance history; federal/state interface; highly practical background).
• DOI Subsistence: “Overview and History of Subsistence Management in Alaska” (clean timeline and governance structure reference).
• Alaska Federation of Natives subsistence workshop materials (ANILCA framework in practice) (good training/briefing resource).
• Cultural Survival, “Alaska Native Subsistence: A Matter of Cultural Survival” (plain-language framing of subsistence as cultural continuity).

Consultation Practices

• Strommer, “The History, Status, and Future of Tribal Self-Governance …” (Indian Law Review; governance evolution and implementation insights).
• ACUS best-practices work on consultation in policymaking (helps structure “early, meaningful, documented” consultation).
• CRS, “Federal-Tribal Consultation: Background and Issues for Congress” See CRS Federal-Tribal Consultation (listed above).
• FHWA, Tribal Consultation Guidelines (transportation-specific federal consultation reference).
• AASHTO / TRB Environment & Research (TERI), Best Practices for Effective Tribal Consultation (transportation practice guide).

Legislative and History Collections

• Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) [Source]
• Federal Subsistence Management Program (official, practical, current) [Source]
• Alaska Historical Society – ANCSA Study Resources / Legislative History Guide [Source] Guide for legislative history and research pathways. [Source]
• Congressional Research Service (CRS) [Source] For ANCSA background, see ‘Alaska Native Statutory Foundations.’
• ANCSA Public Law text: [Source]
• UAF Rasmuson Library, Alaska & Polar Regions Collections. [Source] Primary archive access point for Alaska legislative and historical materials.
• Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) “Source Book” / compiled materials (where available in libraries/archives) (This is often housed through UAF/APRC and Alaska-focused collections; worth flagging for the physical library even if not freely online.) [Source]
• Alaskool.org – Alaska Native Culture & Language Online. Hosted by Walter “Sonny” O. Rasmuson Library (University of Alaska Fairbanks). [Source] An open-access resource hub for Alaska Native languages, ethnography, oral histories, place names, cultural protocols, archival materials, and regional cultural domain entries. Contains community-generated materials and links to primary source documents, ancestral narratives, and language archives spanning Yup’ik, Athabascan, Iñupiaq, Unangax̂, Tlingit/ Haida/ Tsimshian, and more. Ideal for cultural competency, seasonal knowledge, language context, and historical grounding for consultation practice.

Alaska Tribes (authoritative lists)

• Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) List of Federally Recognized Tribes. This is the official baseline for “Tribe” for government-to-government consultation.[Source]
• BIA Alaska Region. [Source]

Additional Desk References

In addition to the authorities listed above, DOT&PF should maintain the following internal and Alaska-specific reference materials to support project planning, consultation preparation, and institutional continuity:

• DOT&PF Internal Program and Planning References. Historical and current DOT&PF program materials and transportation planning documents, including the Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP), Long-Range Transportation Plans (LRTPs), corridor plans, modal plans, and related program overviews, as maintained internally by the Department.
• Regional Histories and Place-Based References. Regional ethnographies, Alaska Native language and place-name resources, and Alaska Historical Society materials relevant to specific project corridors. These materials support placebased understanding and informed consultation preparation and do not replace government-to-government consultation with affected Tribes.

Cultural property and confidentiality protection frameworks (relevant to consultation). These matter directly when Tribes share sensitive cultural information:

• Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA), 16 U.S.C. §§ 470aa–470mm. [Source]
• Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. §§ 3001–3013. [Source]
• National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) (Section 106 statutory framework). [Source]

Culture, oral tradition, and Indigenous knowledge systems. This section intentionally reflects resources and voices spanning Alaska’s twelve Alaska Native cultural regions, including Iñupiat, St. Lawrence Island Yupik, Yup’ik, Cup’ik, Athabascan, Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, Eyak, Alutiiq/Sugpiaq, Unangax̂ (Aleut), and Chugach peoples.

Authored Works & Memoirs

• Looking Both Ways: Heritage & Identity of the Alutiiq People (Alutiiq cultural identity, autonomy, history/oral tradition and material culture).
• Ann Fienup-Riordan, Yup’ik Elders at the Ethnologisches Museum Berlin: Fieldwork Turned on Its Head (Yup’ik knowledge authority centered; excellent for “Indigenous Knowledge” practice).
• Hugh G. Gallagher, Etok: An Eskimo Family Story (intimate ethnographic and family narrative providing insight into Yup’ik village life, social relationships, and cultural values; useful for contextual understanding of Indigenous community life in western Alaska).
• Belle Herbert & Shandaa: My Lifetime (memoir and cultural reflection from an Interior Alaska Native perspective, providing first-hand insight into Athabascan life, community values, and historical experience; useful for cultural context and community understanding).
• Richard Martin, K’aiiroondak: Behind the Willows (Gwich’in language and cultural narratives reflecting northern Alaska Indigenous place-based knowledge and worldview; valuable for regional cultural context). Regional Cultural Institutions & Knowledge Centers
• Iñupiat Heritage Center Cultural Materials – North Slope Iñupiat cultural history, language preservation, and subsistence knowledge; useful for Arctic regional context and engagement awareness.
• Sealaska Heritage Institute Language & Culture Resources – Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian language revitalization, clan systems, and Southeast Alaska oral traditions; valuable for understanding Southeast cultural protocols and governance structures.
• Aleutian Pribilof Islands Association Cultural Programs – Unangax̂/Aleut history, maritime culture, and community knowledge systems relevant to island and coastal communities.
• Chugach Regional Resources Commission Cultural & Subsistence Materials – Prince William Sound and Lower Cook Inlet regional knowledge, marine subsistence traditions, and environmental stewardship perspectives.
• St. Lawrence Island Yupik Cultural Resources – Sivuqaq/Savoonga and Gambell community knowledge, language preservation, and cross-Bering cultural continuity; important for western Arctic Indigenous worldview and subsistence practices.

This section includes other statewide Alaska Native organizations that frequently support Tribal governments, ANCSA corporations, and rural communities through policy advocacy, leadership coordination, technical assistance, housing, and economic development. These organizations are not consultation authorities, but they are often relevant context partners and information resources.

Alaska Federation of Natives (AFN)
Statewide Alaska Native organization representing federally recognized Tribes, Alaska Native regional and village corporations, and Native nonprofit organizations. AFN serves as a central forum for policy advocacy, intergovernmental coordination, and statewide Alaska Native priorities. https://nativefederation.org

Alaska Native Chamber (ANC)
Statewide organization representing Alaska Native–owned businesses and entrepreneurs. The Alaska Native Chamber focuses on economic development, business advocacy, networking, and capacity-building to support Alaska Native economic self-determination and strengthen participation in regional and statewide economies. https://alaskanativechamber.com

Alaska Tribal Administrators Association (ATAA)
Statewide professional association representing Tribal administrators and senior Tribal staff across Alaska. ATAA supports capacity-building, peer networking, training, and information-sharing related to Tribal governance, administration, federal programs, and intergovernmental coordination. While not a consultation authority, ATAA is a key resource for understanding Tribal administrative structures and operational context. https://ataaak.org

Alaska Native Village Corporation Association (ANVCA)
Statewide association representing Alaska Native village corporations. ANVCA focuses on advocacy, education, and support related to ANCSA village corporation interests, including land, governance, and economic sustainability. https://anvca.org

ANCSA CEO Association (ARA)
Membership organization composed of chief executive officers of Alaska Native regional and village corporations organized under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA). The Association provides a forum for coordination on corporate governance, economic development, and issues affecting ANCSA corporations statewide. https://www.ancsaceos.org

First Alaskans Institute (FAI)
Statewide Alaska Native nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing Alaska Native peoples and communities through leadership development, policy advocacy, cultural stewardship, and community engagement. FAI focuses on strengthening Alaska Native voices, promoting equity and inclusion, and supporting long-term social, cultural, and economic self-determination. https://www.firstalaskans.org/

Rural Alaska Community Action Program, Inc. (RurAL CAP)
Statewide nonprofit organization providing housing, energy efficiency, early childhood education, and community development services in rural Alaska. RurAL CAP frequently partners with Tribes, villages, and regional organizations on infrastructure, housing, and capacity-building initiatives. https://www.ruralcap.org

Alaska Native Regional Corporations, Regional Native Nonprofits, Regional Tribes, and other relevant Regional Resources.

Note: The nonprofit organizations listed below are not consultation authorities, but they frequently serve as regional service providers, conveners, and technical assistance organizations for Tribes and communities within each ANCSA region. They provide services, coordination, and advocacy support within their regions and do not replace government-to-government consultation with federally recognized Tribes.

1. Ahtna Region – Copper River Basin (Ahtna Athabascan)
   • Regional Corporation: Ahtna, Incorporated https://www.ahtna.com/

   • Regional Nonprofit: Copper River Native Association (CRNA) https://www.crnative.org

2. Aleut / Unangax̂ Region – Aleutian & Pribilof Islands
   1. Regional Corporation: Aleut Corporation https://www.aleutcorp.com/

   2. Regional Nonprofit: Aleutian Pribilof Islands Association (APIA) https://apiaonline.org (also cultural consortium reference site: https://www.apiai.org)

3. Arctic Slope Region – North Slope (Iñupiat)
   • Regional Corporation: Arctic Slope Regional Corporation (ASRC) https://www.asrc.com/
   • Regional Nonprofit: Arctic Slope Native Association (ASNA) https://www.asnainc.org

   • Regional Tribe: Inupiat Community of the Arctic Slope (ICAS) https://www.icasalaska.org

4. Bering Strait Region – Seward Peninsula / Bering Strait (Iñupiaq)
   • Regional Corporation: Bering Straits Native Corporation (BSNC) http://beringstraits.com/

   • Regional Nonprofit: Kawerak, Inc. https://kawerak.org

5. Bristol Bay Region – Dena’ina / Alutiiq / Yup’ik
   • Regional Corporation: Bristol Bay Native Corporation (BBNC) https://www.bbnc.net/

   • Regional Nonprofit: Bristol Bay Native Association (BBNA) https://bbna.com

6. Calista Region – Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta (Yup’ik / Cup’ik)
   • Regional Corporation: Calista Corporation http://www.calistacorp.com/
   • Regional Nonprofit: Association of Village Council Presidents (AVCP) https://avcp.org

   • Regional Tribal Government (Pending Formal Status): YK Regional Tribal Government (YKRTG). https://ykrtg.org/

7. Chugach Region – Prince William Sound / Chugach Area
   • Regional Corporation: Chugach Alaska Corporation http://www.chugach.com/

   • Regional Nonprofit: Chugachmiut https://www.chugachmiut.org

8. Cook Inlet Region – Dena’ina
   • Regional Corporation: Cook Inlet Region, Inc. (CIRI) https://www.ciri.com/

   • Regional Nonprofit: Cook Inlet Tribal Council (CITC) https://citci.org

9. Doyon Region – Interior Alaska (Athabascan)
   • Regional Corporation: Doyon, Limited https://www.doyon.com/

   • Regional Nonprofit: Tanana Chiefs Conference (TCC) https://www.tananachiefs.org

10. Koniag Region – Kodiak Archipelago (Alutiiq / Sugpiaq)
    • Regional Corporation: Koniag, Inc. https://www.koniag.com/

    • Regional Nonprofit: Kodiak Area Native Association (KANA) https://www.kanaweb.org

11. NANA Region – Northwest Arctic (Kotzebue Sound / Iñupiat)
    • Regional Corporation: NANA Regional Corporation http://www.nana.com/

    • Regional Nonprofit: Maniilaq Association https://www.maniilaq.org

12. Sealaska Region – Southeast Alaska (Tlingit / Haida / Tsimshian)
    • Regional Corporation: Sealaska Corporation https://www.sealaska.com/
    • Regional Nonprofit: Southeast Alaska Regional Health Consortium (SEARHC) https://www.searhc.org
    • Regional Tribe: Central Council of the Tlingit & Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska (CCTHITA) https://www.tlingitandhaida.gov

Additional Statewide (archives, languages, oral history collections)

• Alaska Native Heritage Center. https://www.alaskanative.net

• Alaska Native Language Center (ANLC), UAF https://www.uaf.edu/anlc

• Project Jukebox (UAF) – Alaska Oral History Collections. https://jukebox.uaf.edu

• Rasmuson Library (UAF) – Polar Regions Collections. https://library.uaf.edu/aprca

• Sealaska Heritage Institute https://www.sealaskaheritage.org/

• Alutiiq Museum https://alutiiqmuseum.org/

Resources for Culturally Responsive Teaching

• Alaska Native Knowledge Network (ANKN) Alaska Native Knowledge Network

• Educator Cultural Resources (UAF) A curated list of cultural organizations and learning tools aimed at helping teachers incorporate Alaska Native cultures and histories into the classroom. TASK Home | Teacher Ambassadors Sharing Knowledge

• Smithsonian Arctic Studies Center via Smithsonian Learning Lab. Free digital collections, lesson plans, historic artifacts, videos, and Alaska Native culture materials suitable for classroom or independent learning. Resources :: Arctic Studies Center | Smithsonian Learning Lab

• Alaska Historical Society (For Teachers & Students) Links to Alaska Native history, cultural studies, teaching modules, and background on Alaska Indigenous peoples. For Teachers and Students - Alaska Historical Society

• Alaska Teacher Cultural Responsiveness Guides. Guidelines and strategies for preparing educators to teach in culturally respectful ways that engage Native students and honor Indigenous knowledge systems. prep teach for pdf

• Alaska Native Education Curriculum Projects. Links to Alaska Native languages and civics lesson plans, including curricula like Alaska Native civics and government developed for high school students. About the Alaska Native Curriculum and Teacher Development Project

• Alaskan Native Languages resources (www.alaskanativelanguages.org) to support language learning and cultural context.

• Teacher marketplaces and lesson collections with Alaska Native culture lessons and units (e.g., Teachers Pay Teachers). All Resources | TPT

• ArcGIS StoryMaps. The Web Atlas of Alaska Native Traditional Place Names (2023). An interactive digital atlas documenting Alaska Native traditional place names across regions, highlighting Indigenous geographic knowledge, language, and place-based meaning. This resource supports regional context, landscape awareness relevant to transportation planning, environmental review, consultation, and should be used as a contextual reference rather than a substitute for Tribe-specific consultation. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/b31fc761a8ea4d7da349985d6932d58c

Foundational Alaska Sovereignty & Jurisdictional Cases. These cases define who Tribes are in Alaska, what sovereignty means, and why consultation obligations arise even where most lands are not “Indian country.”

• Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government, 522 U.S. 520 (1998). Held that most ANCSA lands are not “Indian country.” While not a consultation case, Venetie fundamentally shapes Alaska consultation frameworks by shifting the basis for consultation from land status to statutory, regulatory, funding, and impact-based obligations. Frequently cited to explain why consultation in Alaska arises from federal law and program requirements rather than territorial jurisdiction alone.
• John v. Baker, 982 P.2d 738 (Alaska 1999). Alaska Supreme Court decision recognizing inherent Tribal sovereignty over internal matters even absent Indian country. In consultation contexts, this case underpins Alaska’s recognition of Tribes as governments, not stakeholders, and supports government-to-government engagement.
• United States v. Berrigan, 2 Alaska 442 (D. Alaska 1905). Early territorial decision reaffirming exclusive federal authority over Indian land relations in Alaska, reflecting the federal trust framework that later informs ANCSA, ANILCA, and modern consultation obligations.
• Koniag, Inc. v. Andrus, 580 F.2d 601 (D.C. Cir. 1978). Early ANCSA-era case recognizing the distinct legal interests of Alaska Native corporations, frequently cited to explain why Alaska consultation frameworks may involve both Tribes and ANCSA corporations, depending on statutory authority.
• Kaltag Tribal Council v. Jackson, 344 F. App’x 324 (9th Cir. 2009). (unpublished). Illustrative Alaska-context case addressing administrative deference to federal agency determinations affecting Tribal governance and status questions. Relevant for understanding how agency determinations may influence consultation posture and procedural outcomes in Alaska.

Alaska Subsistence & Land-Use Protection Cases (ANILCA Context) These cases establish substantive standards that inform consultation and environmental review where subsistence resources may be affected.

• Village of Gambell v. Hodel, 869 F.2d 1273 (9th Cir. 1989). Foundational interpretation of ANILCA subsistence protections, requiring rigorous evaluation of potential impacts on subsistence uses.
• Tribal Village of Akutan v. Hodel, 869 F.2d 1185 (9th Cir. 1989). Clarified that ANILCA § 810 procedural protections are triggered by the potential for significant restriction on subsistence uses and must be addressed through environmental review.
• Kunaknana v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 23 F. Supp. 3d 1063 (D. Alaska 2014). Alaska NEPA decision reinforcing the need for careful analysis of subsistence impacts and Tribal concerns in Arctic infrastructure and resource projects.
• Frank v. State, 604 P.2d 1068 (Alaska 1979). Alaska Supreme Court decision holding that the free exercise clauses of the U.S. Constitution and the Alaska Constitution protect the ceremonial use of subsistence resources where practices are deeply rooted in religious belief and the State lacks a compelling interest. Relevant where transportation or infrastructure actions may affect access, timing, or conditions for religious or cultural practices.

Alaska NEPA Standards for Transportation & Infrastructure. These cases are included only where they provide Alaska-specific or frequently cited standards, not to restate general NEPA doctrine.

• Alaska Wilderness League v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 548 F.3d 815 (9th Cir. 2008). Emphasized rigorous alternatives analysis for Alaska road projects.
• Friends of the Earth v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 109 F. Supp. 2d 30 (D.D.C. 2000). Addressed deficiencies in NEPA review for major Alaska river crossings and linear infrastructure.
• Northern Alaska Environmental Center v. Kempthorne, 457 F.3d 969 (9th Cir. 2006). Reinforced standards for environmental review in sensitive Arctic environments.

Supplemental Federal Consultation & NEPA Enforcement Cases (Reference Only) The following non-Alaska-specific cases are frequently cited in Alaska litigation and agency practice for general principles of early, meaningful Tribal consultation and substantive consideration of Tribal concerns. They are included for reference and training, not as primary Alaska doctrine.

• Quechan Tribe v. U.S. Department of the Interior (2010)

• Quechan Tribe v. U.S. Department of Transportation (2013)

• Standing Rock Sioux Tribe v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 985 F.3d 1032 (D.C. Cir. 2021)

• Oglala Sioux Tribe v. U.S. Nuclear Reg. Commission, 896 F.3d 520 (D.C. Cir. 2018)

• Colorado River Indian Tribes v. Marsh (1985)

• Te-Moak Tribe v. DOI (2010)

• South Fork Band Council v. DOI (2009)

• Muckleshoot Indian Tribe v. U.S. Forest Service (1999)

• Pit River Tribe v. U.S. Forest Service (2006)

• Yurok Tribe v. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (2017)

Alaska Native Language Regions (Indigenous Peoples & Languages of Alaska) This authoritative map shows the traditional Indigenous language regions of Alaska (based on linguistic and ethnographic research). It is the most widely accepted geographic depiction of Alaska Native linguistic territories, widely used for cultural context, educational purposes, and regional orientation.

• Online Maps (University of Alaska): https://www.uaf.edu/anla/collections/map/
• Printable Versions Available: Full-size PNG (~3.7 MB) and simplified versions for printing are available for download on the Alaska Native Language Center “Indigenous Peoples and Languages of Alaska” page.
• Citation for Print & Reference: Krauss, Michael, Gary Holton, Jim Kerr, & Colin T. West. (2011). Indigenous Peoples and Languages of Alaska (digital map). Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Native Language Center & UAA Institute of Social and Economic Research.